7/31/14, "This time, Gaza fighting is 'proxy war' for entire Mideast," CNN, Josh Levs
"The conflict raging in Gaza is different this time . While Hamas' rocket attacks and Israel's military actions may look familiar, they're taking place against a whole new backdrop.
"This is unprecedented in
the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict," says CNN's Ali Younes, an
analyst who has covered the region for decades.
"Most Arab states are actively supporting Israel against the Palestinians -- and not even shy about it or doing it discreetly."
"Most Arab states are actively supporting Israel against the Palestinians -- and not even shy about it or doing it discreetly."
It's a "joint Arab-Israeli war consisting of Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia against other Arabs -- the Palestinians as represented by Hamas."
As the New York Times put it, "Arab leaders, viewing Hamas as worse than Israel, stay silent."
One of the outcomes of
the fighting will likely be "the end of the old Arab alliance system
that has, even nominally, supported the Palestinians and their goal of
establishing a Palestinian state," Younes says.
.
.
"The Israel-Hamas
conflict has laid bare the new divides of the Middle East," says
Danielle Pletka, vice president of foreign and defense policy studies at
the American Enterprise Institute. "It's no longer the Muslims against
the Jews. Now it's the extremists -- the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas,
Hezbollah, and their backers Iran, Qatar and Turkey [and the US, UN, and EU] -- against Israel
and the more moderate Muslims including Jordan, Egypt, and Saudi
Arabia."
"It's a proxy war for control or dominance in the Middle East," says CNN's Fareed Zakaria.
To understand why and what all this means, we need to begin with understanding of Hamas.
Hamas, which has
controlled the Palestinian government in Gaza for years, is an extension
of the Muslim Brotherhood. To many Americans, the brotherhood is
familiar for its central role in the power struggle for Egypt. But it's
much larger than that.
"The Muslim Brotherhood
is international, with affiliated groups in more than 70 countries,
including Saudi Arabia and the UAE," says Eric Trager of the Washington
Institute for Near East Policy.
The Arab Spring showed
the region that uprisings can lead to the Brotherhood gaining power. So
it's a threat to the governments it opposes.
"Israel's ongoing battle
against Hamas is part of a wider regional war on the Muslim
Brotherhood," says the Soufan Group, which tracks global security. "Most
Arab states share Israel's determination to finish the movement off
once and for all, but they are unlikely to be successful."
"From the perspective of
Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the UAE and some other Arab states, what
the Israeli Prime Minister is doing is fighting this war against Hamas
on their behalf so they can finish the last stronghold of the Muslim
Brotherhood," Younes says.
"Arab governments and
official Arab media have all but adopted the Israeli view of who is a
terrorist and who is not. Egyptian and Saudi-owned media are liberal in
labeling the Muslim Brotherhood as 'terrorists' and describing Hamas as a
'terrorist organization.' It's a complete turnabout from the past, when
Arab states fought Israel and the U.S. in the international
organizations on the definition of terrorism, and who is a terrorist or a
'freedom fighter.'"
Egypt
Egypt's new President vowed during his campaign that he would finish off
the Muslim Brotherhood. Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, the former military
chief, deposed Egypt's first freely elected leader, President Mohamed
Morsy of the Muslim Brotherhood, last year following mass protests
against Morsy's rule. El-Sisi was elected officially in June.
"In Egypt you have a
regime that came to power by toppling a Muslim Brotherhood government,"
says Trager. "It's therefore in an existential conflict with the
Brotherhood. So it doesn't want to see Hamas, the Palestinian Muslim
Brotherhood, emerge stronger in a neighboring territory."
Egypt also has another
reason to stand against Hamas: rising violence and instability in Sinai,
the northern part of Egypt that borders Israel and Gaza. Hamas' network
of tunnels includes some in and out of Egypt used to smuggle goods
include weapons for attacks on Israeli civilians.
The new Egyptian government has been "cracking down aggressively since it removed the brotherhood from power," Trager says.
El-Sisi closed the
border crossings between Egypt and Gaza, which has helped block Hamas
militants from escaping or smuggling in more weapons during Israel's
onslaught. But it also has contributed to the humanitarian crisis of
people trapped in Gaza.
Egypt proposed a
cease-fire, and Israel quickly accepted it -- indicating that it
contained the terms Israel was looking for, analysts say. Hamas rejected
it. While Egypt has worked furiously to try to broker a truce in the
past, Cairo this time shows little rush to change its proposal to one
much more favorable to Hamas, analysts say.
Saudi Arabia, UAE, Jordan
The monarchies of Saudi
Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Jordan have called on Hamas to
accept the cease-fire proposal as is.
"We condemn the Israeli aggression and we support the Egyptian cease-fire proposal," Jordan's King Abdullah said last week.
Countries such as Saudi
Arabia and the UAE are "challenged by Islamists who come to power via
the ballot box rather than through royal succession," says Trager.
"So these countries have
been directly supportive of the coup in Egypt because it removed
elected Islamists and therefore discredited that model."
Saudi Arabia is "leading
the charge," partly through backing the coup and financing state media
reports that attacked the brotherhood, says Younes.
"Egypt, Jordan, Saudi
Arabia and the UAE all see the destruction of Hamas as of benefit to
their internal security as well as to regional stability."
"The Saudis and the Egyptians are now more scared of Islamic fundamentalism than they are of Israel," says Zakaria.
"The Saudi monarchy is
more worried about the prospects of Hamas winning, which would embolden
Islamists in other parts of the Middle East, and therefore potentially
an Islamist opposition in Saudi Arabia."
But Hamas is not alone.
Turkey and Qatar
Turkey and Qatar remain supportive of Hamas.
Qatar supported Egypt's
Muslim Brotherhood government, and built "an Egypt-centric Al Jazeera
network that became known for its strongly pro-Muslim Brotherhood line,"
says Trager.
Qatar also funds many
Muslim Brotherhood figures in exile, including Hamas political leader
Khaled Mashaal, who is believed to have orchestrated numerous Hamas
terrorist attacks.
"I think this is a case
of a country with a lot of money to burn making a certain calculation in
2011 that made a lot of sense at the time: that the Brotherhood was the
next big thing that was going to dominate many of the countries of the
region," says Trager. "Realistically, it made sense to bet on it."
Turkey has "more of an ideological sympathy with the Brotherhood," he says.
Last week, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan spoke with CNN, accusing Israel of "genocide."
"Erdogan has tried to
use the cause of the Brotherhood to bolster his own Islamist credentials
at home," says Trager. Last year, Erdogan cracked down on mass demonstrations in his country.
Iran and Syria
Iran has long supported Hamas, supplying it with weapons. And Meshaal used to be based in Syria.
But that changed. In 2012, Meshaal left Syria
as the country's civil war deepened -- a decision believed to have
caused a breakdown in his relationship with Iran as well, says Firas Abi
Ali, head of Middle East and North Africa Country Risk and Forecasting
at the global information company IHS. Tehran is aligned with Syrian
President Bashar al-Assad's regime.
Now, Syria -- Israel's neighbor to the north -- is locked in a brutal, multiparty civil war, with Islamist extremists hoisting severed heads onto poles.
The war, believed to have killed more than 115,000 people, is just one
of the many developments emphasizing how many "fault lines" there are in
the region, Richard Haass, president of Council on Foreign Relations,
told "CNN Tonight."
"There's fault lines
within the Palestinians between Hamas and the other part of the
Palestinian Authority. You have Sunnis vs. Shia. You have Iran vs. Saudi
Arabia and the Arabs. You have secularists vs. people who embrace
religion in the political space."
The Palestinian Authority
Paying a price for all
this is another key player: Fatah, the Palestinian faction that controls
the West Bank. Fatah and Hamas have long fought each other, but earlier
this year made another effort at a unity government.
Palestinian leader
Mahmoud Abbas, who is in charge of the government in the West Bank,
"seems politically exhausted by all the twists and turns he has made in
search of a durable solution," the Soufan Gruop says. "And the one
chance of reasserting his authority through a unity government that
would have forced Hamas into a subordinate and less militant role has
now disappeared. He must now watch helplessly as protests in the West
Bank undo whatever progress he had made towards a two-state solution." via Free Rep.
==============================
US fails to back Israel in UN Security Council vote:
7/28/14, "UN Security Council calls for immediate Gaza ceasefire," dw.de/un, AP, AFP, Reuters
"The statement was passed unanimously, with all 15 Security Council members voting in favor of the statement....This came just hours after US President Barack Obama spoke via telephone with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, calling on him to work for a sustainable ceasefire.
==============================
US fails to back Israel in UN Security Council vote:
7/28/14, "UN Security Council calls for immediate Gaza ceasefire," dw.de/un, AP, AFP, Reuters
"The statement was passed unanimously, with all 15 Security Council members voting in favor of the statement....This came just hours after US President Barack Obama spoke via telephone with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, calling on him to work for a sustainable ceasefire.
In a statement, the White House said Obama had "made clear the strategic imperative of instituting an immediate, unconditional humanitarian ceasefire that ends hostilities now and leads to a permanent cessation of hostilities based on the November 2012 ceasefire agreement."...
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Obama admin. backs Islamic terrorists:
7/28/14, "US and Egypt find themselves at odds once again," Jerusalem Post, Zvi Mazel
==============================
Map of Israel's Sunni and Shia neighbors:
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