States force cap and trade like scam on auto dealers, force purchase of 'zero emission credits.' Dealers petition EPA to prevent forcing. Elec. cars emit as much CO2 as gas cars but Bloomberg News calls them 'zero emissions vehicles'

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"The number of credits the carmakers must earn rises each year, and the companies face fines for falling short."

June 20, 2013, "Why Honda's Unloading Electric Cars for Cheap," Bloomberg, by Keane, Ohnsman

"When Honda Motor (HMC) introduced its all-electric Fit EV in July 2012, it set a modest goal of delivering 1,100 of the lease-only cars in two years. Yet through May, the company had found just 176 takers for the plug-in. Consumers didn’t leap to pay $389 a month for a subcompact that can go only about 82 miles before it needs recharging, especially when the gas-powered version gets 30 miles a gallon and costs half as much. General Motors (GM), maker of the plug-in Chevy Volt hybrid, and Nissan Motor (7201), which makes the all-electric Leaf, have also seen sales fall short of their goals.

This is a problem for automakers under increasing pressure to push zero-emission vehicles on skeptical consumers. Nine states, including New York, Massachusetts, and New Jersey, have followed California’s lead in requiring that electric, plug-in hybrid, and hydrogen-powered models make up 15 percent of new-car sales and leases by 2025. They’ve got a long way to go: About one-third of 1 percent of the 6.4 million new vehicles sold in the first five months of 2013 were zero-emission, says the National Automobile Dealers Association.

Under a complicated formula that varies by state, automakers earn “zero emission vehicle” credits for each electric vehicle they sell or lease, and they’re expected to rack up a certain number of credits each year. Not all green cars are equal: All-electric models such as the Fit EV are worth more credits than plug-in hybrid models with gasoline engines like the Volt. The number of credits the carmakers must earn rises each year, and the companies face fines for falling short. (They can buy credits from other companies, such as electric-only Tesla Motors (TSLA),
that sell too few cars to be subject to regulation yet still earn credits which they are allowed to sell. Tesla made $85 million selling California and federal credits in the first quarter of 2013.)

The Fit EV, along with Ford Motor’s (F) all-electric Focus and Toyota Motor’s (TM) battery-powered RAV4, are known within the industry as “compliance cars,” limited-edition models manufactured to meet the zero-emission sales requirements. The Fit EV is on the market only in California and the other states with electric car quotas. “They are essentially forcing vehicles to be built and delivered to dealers who are forced to sell them,” says Bailey Wood, the dealer association’s legislative director.

This has left car companies struggling to find ways to make their electric offerings more attractive.

One thing that’s working: leasing the cars at fire sale prices. With a two-year supply of Fit EVs sitting on dealer lots, Honda cut its 36-month lease rate in June by about one-third, to $259 a month, with no down payment and unlimited mileage. GM and Nissan are also offering steeply discounted leases on plug-ins. Demand for the Fit has surged; within weeks, Honda went from bemoaning a stockpile of cars to apologizing to customers put on a waiting list and promising that more Fit EVs are on the way.

The car’s newfound popularity will help Honda meet its quotas, but the low prices may not be sustainable. Rock-bottom leases likely mean little to no profit—Honda won’t say whether it’s losing money on the Fit—and condition buyers to expect the car to come cheap. Requiring minimum numbers of plug-in vehicle sales is “inherently a risky strategy,” says Edward Cohen, Honda’s vice president for government and industry affairs. The mandate “directs manufacturers to offer consumers technology options along a predetermined time frame and with specified numbers, notwithstanding whether the technology and market are ready.” 

In March the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, whose members include GM and Toyota, and the Association of Global Automakers, which counts Honda among its members, filed a petition with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to block California’s sales targets. “The sales data tell the story of what consumers want,” says Alliance spokeswoman Gloria Bergquist. “The early adopters have purchased plug-in electric vehicles, but mainstream consumers have not followed.”

Yet electric car advocates say the temporarily low prices will ultimately lead to greater sales as buyers give the cars a try, get over their doubts, and become converts. “Both a market push and market pull are needed, and they need to be in sync,” says Roland Hwang of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “We need both a long-term, stable signal for automakers to produce electric cars and a robust, growing consumer market.”

The bottom line: Under pressure from states to increase sales of unpopular electric cars, Honda, GM, and Nissan are slashing prices."

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6/10/11, "Electric cars may not be so green after all, says British study," The Australian, Ben Webster

"Emissions from manufacturing electric cars are at least 50 per cent higher because batteries are made from materials such as lithium, copper and refined silicon, which

• require much energy to be processed.

Many electric cars are expected to need a replacement battery after a few years. Once the emissions from producing the second battery are added in, the total CO2 from producing an electric car rises to 12.6 tonnes, compared with 5.6 tonnes for a petrol car. Disposal also produces double the emissions because of the energy consumed in recovering and recycling metals in the battery." (originally published in UK Times).

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