George Harrison: Ring out the old, ring in the new, ding dong, ding dong-1974

 .

 

“George Harrison .. Ding Dong .. Ring Out The Old .. 1974,” You Tube

“George Harrison Lyrics

“Ding Dong, Ding Dong,” from 1974 album, Dark Horse

“Ring out the old
Ring in the new
Ring out the old
Ring in the new

Ring out the false
Ring in the true
Ring out the old
Ring in the new

Ding-dong, ding-dong
Ding-dong, ding-dong
Ding-dong, ding-dong
Ding-dong, ding-dong

Yesterday, today was tomorrow
And tomorrow, today will be yesterday
So ring out the old
Ring in the new
Ring out the old
Ring in the new

Ring out the false
Ring in the true
Ring out the old
Ring in the new

Ding-dong, ding-dong
Ding-dong, ding-dong
Ding-dong, ding-dong
Ding-dong, ding-dong”

 

.................

 

We're now ruled by force, not consent, overthrown without a shot being fired. A solution can begin by realizing this isn't a passing political event. US political class no longer tries to hide its contempt for us-Angelo Codevilla

 .

In the US they “got away with it” too. “Government by consent” has been replaced “with rule by force.” When Communist China was observed “locking entire communities down and not permitting them to leave their homes,” [European insiders] initially presumed it would not be an available option in a liberal Western democracy....We couldn’t get away with it in Europe, we thought…and then Italy did it. And we realised we could....People’s sense of what is possible in terms of control changed quite dramatically between January and March [2020]....If China had not done it, the year would have been very different.”…UK professor Neil Ferguson, 12/25/20, “Professor Neil Ferguson: People don’t agree with lockdown and try to undermine the scientists,” UK Times, Tom Whipple, via 12/26/20, “Neil Ferguson interview: China changed what was possible,” F. Sayers, Unherd.com…Following Ferguson’s lockdown recommendation, Trump declared a US National Emergency which converted the US to a dictatorship. The “emergency” can be re-declared indefinitely. Apparently no US law mandates an end date or conditions for these declarations. Trump’s action enabled rule by decree by every governor in every state, every mayor in every city, every county executive in thousands of US counties, every unelected health department official in every town, city, county, and state. Embarrassed Americans learned that our “free country” has been a sham from day one, and that not a single law exists to protect us. In fact, we’re told we should expect much worse ahead, “likely to be the most trying event in U.S. history.”

………………………………

11/20/20, “From Ruling Class to Oligarchy,” Angelo Codevilla, American Greatness

“Roughly half the country is living under an alien regime that means to harm us socially, politically, and economically.

 

“By its campaign and conduct of the 2020 election, the ruling class ceased pretending to be part of a constitutional republic. By treating fellow Americans as inferiors through word and deed, its members renounced their common citizenship with us. Eschewing persuasion, they set about compelling obedience to an openly manipulated election. 

Thus did they burn their bridges to the rest of America as surely as did Hernán Cortéz when he burned the ships that had carried his troops to conquer the Aztec empire. Henceforth, they must rule or ruin as the oligarchy they have become.

For four decades beginning in the mid-1960s, a class of rulers grew in America. They became ever more uniform socially and intellectually, ever more opposed to the rest of Americans, and ever more powerful. This happened as government took upon itself the tasks of eliminating poverty and harmonizing the races, and as it controlled ever greater shares of the national income.

Increasingly, their powers were based on claims of expertise coming from the universities. These underwent a fourfold increase in size (from 9 percent of Americans with four-year degrees in 1965 to 36 percent in 2015). Their connection with government conferred both wealth and additional prestige. Few paid attention to President Eisenhower’s warning about the connection between government and academic elites.

Elsewhere, I have discussed how inherently pregnant with peril the existence of such a class was for constitutional life. Suffice it to say, by the beginning of the Obama Administration in 2009, the rest of Americans had sensed that American public life had ceased to revolve around the struggle between Democrats and Republicans, and was more between those who lived by the ruling class’ privileges, and those who did not—between the “ins” and the “outs,” between the ruling class and what had been known in English history as the country class.

During the Obama years, the American country class’ budding resistance”…

[Whose volunteers in Nov. 2010 delivered an historic landslide victory to the GOP House which the GOP Ruling Class didn’t want. 11/20/10, “Revolutionary Do-Over,” Former GOP Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott, now a big-time Washington lobbyist, has already told the Washington Post that it’s imperative for his tribe to “co-opt” the [fellow Republican] tea partiers arriving in D.C.”].

(continuing): “spurred the ruling class further to become conscious of itself, to increase its own privileges, its cohesion, and above all its contempt for and demands on those below them. Political correctness ceased to be bemusing for the country class and came to be seen as the threat to freedom that it is. Corporate America became indistinguishable from government in its demands for compliance. That is why the 2016 presidential primaries and election revealed a substantial anti-ruling class majority among Americans, though it was split between opposite ends of the political spectrum.

In short, during the Obama years [2008-2016] the ruling class was becoming an oligarchy that ruled by exercising the powers of government and of incumbency in corporations as well as all manner of social institutions. Private institutions, allied with government and inspired by government-supported universities, increasingly exercised arbitrary powers. 

But by November 2016 this oligarchy had yet to articulate itself into something capable of acting for a common purpose. That is why the 2016 election may prove to have been the last more-or-less bona fide free election in America’s history.

Donald Trump’s surprising victory proved to be the catalyst for this oligarchy to articulate itself into something that was able to transcend our constitutional republic altogether, to dispense with and even to penalize the habits and institutions that had held it together.Ours is now a socio-political system wholly different from that constitutional republic of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. It is mandating a way of life that few in America could have imagined.

It is unlikely that in November 2016 the Democratic Party’s leaders who continued to blame “the Russians” for Hillary Clinton’s defeat meant more than to salve a bit their defeat. They probably did not mean for their “resistance” to be more than a traditional mobilization of defeated forces. But the “resistance” took on a life of its own, fed from on high by such as the CIA’s John Brennan and FBI’s James Comey, and the host of their politicized subordinates, as well as from below by violent “intersectional” groups like Antifa and Black Lives Matter. 

This resistance was powerfully sustained in the middle by countless corporate executives, government employees, editors, and reporters. The convergence of so many like-minded people quickly and decisively transmuted a political tactic into the replacement of a republic with an oligarchy. It replaced government by consent with rule by force. 

Because this revolution involved subordinating truth itself to political power, it effected negation of civilization itself.

This is how it happened. It had been clear to that class that Trump was dangerous only because he represented his “deplorable” supporters. The ruling class sought to resist them by dispiriting them and discrediting them in their own and others’ eyes. Demonizing Trump was the means by which they sought to do this.

Arguably the American country class’ [America First voters] principal mistake between 2016 and 2020 was to suppose that the Left was actually after Trump, rather than set about crushing them and killing the American regime. 

When those at the top of American communications’ food chain, the folks at the New York Times, said openly that they would put truth aside during the noble fight against Trumpism, when the news industry shamelessly purveyed obviously incredible stories about Trump’s alleged Russia collusion; when they shamelessly purveyed obviously unsourced rumor as truth; when they seconded officials’ using classified information as a shield and sword against conservatives; when corporations and even government agencies began to require that employees attend brainwashing sessions; when communications companies—especially Google, Facebook, and Twitter—began mathematically to discriminate against conservative communications; when the Democrat-controlled House of Representatives’ proposed legislation would have mandated voting by mail and ballot harvesting—severing the link between any ballot and the voter’s will or even existence—conservatives imagined that this was mere hardball politics within a republican context. Not so.

When the coronavirus hit, Americans did not realize how thoroughly their ruling class had already jelled into an oligarchy with the intention above all to crush them. Neither did they comprehend how assuredly it would not waste this opportunity to do so. Tragically led astray by Donald Trump’s misplaced faith in the objectivity of “the experts,” [beginning with foreign “expert” math professor Neil Ferguson, subject of the Queen, and his unverified computer model] personified by Dr. Anthony Fauci, conservatives were persuaded to respond to an epidemic with an infection/fatality rate comparable to the average flu as if it were the plague.

But even plagues, once endemic, follow ineluctable courses through populations. Thus, by following the ignorant promise of safety through masks, etc. did conservatives at first agree to suspend face-to-face relationships. They suffered to disarticulate social life even more than economic life, to put aside one’s friends and God. They agreed to restrict their understanding of things to what the mass media would allow them to hear. They did all of this even as evidence mounted that the “experts” were nothing but agents of the oligarchy.

And then Election Night. As predicted, election officials in places controlled by the Left stopped counting until it was clear how many ballots it would take for Trump to be defeated. The requisite number came, filled out by no one knows who. And then…who wouldn’t have predicted it? The call came from all of society’s commanding heights: Trump’s defeat had been declared. By whom? By the folks on these varied heights—certainly not by the authorities designated by the Constitution to decide who wins and loses. 

But the more instances of fraud the Trump campaign sought to investigate, the louder and from more sources sounded the judgment that there was nothing to investigate. It had been decided. You peons shut up and obey.

That is how oligarchies work.

What may be done about this is another story. But the story’s premise is that it must begin with the realization that the conservative more-or-less half of American life is living under an alien regime that means to continue harming us socially and morally just as much as economically. Plainly, we find ourselves in a (mostly not yet violent) state of war. The beginning of such safety as we may work out for ourselves is to regard our rulers as they regard us.”

……………………………………….

Added: Like Neil Ferguson and UK insiders who thought they “couldn’t get away with” lockdowns of their citizens as China had, Anthony Fauci of the US in the early days also said lockdowns would not be possible in the United States (January 24):

“When asked about the mass quarantine containment efforts underway in Wuhan, China back in January, Fauci dismissed the prospect of lockdowns ever coming to the United States:

“That’s something that I don’t think we could possibly do in the United States, I can’t imagine shutting down New York or Los Angeles, but the judgement on the part of the Chinese health authorities is that given the fact that it’s spreading throughout the provinces… it’s their judgement that this is something that in fact is going to help in containing it. Whether or not it does or does not is really open to question because historically when you shut things down it doesn’t have a major effect.”

Less than two months later, 43 of 50 US states were under lockdown – a policy advocated by Fauci himself.”…12/26/20, “Twelve Times the Lockdowners Were Wrong,” AIER, Phillip Magness

……………………………

Comment: So the US was just “an idea” after all.

 

 ..............

 

No need for ICU beds with US practice near US-Mexico border. “Slowing the spread” is fringe benefit when primary purpose is saving lives with published early treatment-Desert Review, Imperial Valley, Calif.

 .

Includes follow up to Dr. Fareed’s Nov. 19, 2020 U.S. Senate hearing, “Early Outpatient Treatment: An Essential Part of a Covid-19 Solution:”

12/12/20, “Dr. George Fareed and Dr. Brian Tyson share early treatment protocol,” The Desert Review, Brawley, Imperial Valley, Calif.

“Dr. George Fareed, Imperial Valley [Calif.] frontline doctor fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic locally, has been fielding phone calls from across the nation helping those afflicted but unable to get early treatment from their medical establishments.

“I’m really busy, but I’m willing to help anyone,” Fareed said.

The doctor reached out to The Desert Review suggesting publication of the Protocol he and Dr. Brian Tyson have refined for their local patients that has been so successful. Fareed also included in his material what Dr. Zelenko, a pioneer in repurposing medicines for the virus has developed as a prophylaxis, a preventative subscription [which is mainly zinc, Vitamin C, and Quercetin, posted below]….

[10/19/20, Dr. Brian Tyson reported 100% success rate treating Covid early.““We were at the heart of the pandemic due to our large Hispanic and diabetic population.” Dr. Tyson said Imperial Valley shares an international border in the south with Mexicali, Mexico which has a population of 1.5 million residents. He treated 1,900 positive patients….“We treated this virus early….We only had one hospitalization and zero deaths. Zero deaths, because we were not going to stand by and allow people to die without treatment,” Dr. Tyson said.” 10/19/20]

(continuing): “Also included in the material submitted, is a follow up to Dr. Fareed’s U.S. Senate hearing, “Early Outpatient Treatment: An Essential Part of a COVID-19 Solution” held November 19 in the Capitol.

Senator Josh Hawley submitted questions to Dr. Fareed to clarify his testimony for the record. Here is the correspondence between the Senator and Fareed on December 10:

Sen. Hawley: In your testimony, you say that timing is everything when it comes to treatment and that the best time for outpatient treatment to prevent hospitalization comes when “the virus is in a period of maximum replication in the upper respiratory tract.” Can you explain what this would mean for a patient? Would this be five days after exposure, or ten days? Or is it based on symptoms?  

Dr. Fareed: The earlier the treatment can be started after the start of the infection, the better and more rapid the recovery (as well as the reduction in the risk of spread/contagious period). This would mean that the patient should optimally start the treatment in the first 4 days of the infection and within five days of exposure. It usually is based on symptoms which start within 1-4 days of viral entry into the upper respiratory system. Even starting the multi-faceted treatment later (7-10 days after infection) is also very worthwhile if severe pneumonia necessitating hospitalization has not yet set in.

Sen. Hawley: In your experience, are patients typically coming in to get treated at this point in their illness? And if not, what do you think we need to do to encourage high-risk individuals to to seek outpatient treatment and care? 

Dr. Fareed: More patients are coming in to get treated or contacting me from afar for treatment when they can’t receive the treatment in their local communities. Sadly, many infected people and primary care doctors and doctors in ERs follow the NIH and Dr. Fauci stipulations with no effective treatments offered. We need to have the NIH/FDA/CDC formally acknowledge the importance of early treatment with moderately acting, safe anti-virals so readily available. When (if ever) that happens, everything would improve dramatically. Thank you, Senator Hawley, for all your efforts and for allowing me to respond to these excellent questions.

The following is the protocol Drs. Fareed and Tyson have jointly developed as most effective for their COVID-19 patients:

Fareed/Tyson COVID-19 Treatment Protocol

HCQ 200 mg tabs [pills] #16 (HCQ = hydroxychloroquine) [HCQ was approved by FDA in 1955 and had been used in hundreds of millions of prescriptions worldwide since then. (scroll down)]

Zinc sulfate 22O mg (or elemental Zinc 50 mg) # 15

Azithromycin 500 mg # 5 (or Z pack) or

Doxycycline 100 mg # 10)

Ivermectin 3 mg tabs #8

Aspirin 325 mg tabs #30

Day 1 – HCQ 2 tabs twice a day

Zinc sulfate tab twice a day

(Azithromycin tab one per day or doxycycline cap twice a day)

Ivermectin 12 mg on day 1 only

Aspirin 325 mg

Days 2-5 

HCQ tab 3 times a day

Zinc sulfate 3 times a day

(Azithromycin tab daily or doxycycline cap twice a day)

Aspirin 325 mg daily

Ivermectin 12 mg on day 3 if symptoms warrant

Prednisone 60 mg daily x 5-7 days or

Dexamethasone 4 mg bid if wheezing /SOB

Budesonide 0.5-1mg/2ml vía nebulizer bid

Vitamin D3 5000 iu daily

Pepcid 20 mg daily

Continue daily Aspirin 325 mg

Over the counter prevention:

Elemental Zinc 25 mg once a day

Vitamin D 4000 iu once a day

Vitamin C 1000 mg once a day

Quercetin 500 mg once a day

If Quercetin is unavailable, then use Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) 400mg once a day

Dr. Fareed also included Dr. Zelenko’s (Twitter: @zev_dr [Here’s an alternate source for Dr. Zelenko’s work. On Dec. 23 twitter suspended Dr. Zelenko’s account.…Another helpful twitter site: https://twitter.com/CovidAnalysis]) COVID-19 Prophylaxis Protocol: 

Prophylaxis is an action taken to prevent or protect against a specified disease. Greek in origin, from the word “phylax”, meaning “to guard” and “watching.”

Low Risk Patients

Young healthy people do not need prophylaxis against COVID-19. In young and healthy people, this infection causes mild cold-like symptoms. It is advantageous for these patients to be exposed to COVID-19, build up their antibodies and have their immune system clear the virus. This will facilitate the development of herd immunity and help prevent future COVID-19 pandemics. However, if these patients desire prophylaxis against COVID-19, then they should take the protocol noted below.

Moderate-Risk Patients

Patients from this category are healthy but have high potential viral-load exposure. This group includes medical personnel, caregivers of high-risk patients, people who use public transportation, first responders and other essential personnel who are crucial to the continued functioning of society. These patients should be encouraged to take prophylaxis against COVID-19 in accordance with the protocol noted below.

High-Risk Patients

Patients are considered high risk if they are over the age of 60, or if they are younger than 60 but they have comorbidities, that is, they have other health conditions that put them at risk. These patients have between a 5 to 10 percent mortality rate if they are infected with COVID-19. These patients should be strongly encouraged to take prophylaxis against COVID-19 in accordance with the protocol noted below. 

Protocol for Low and Moderate Risk Patients:

Elemental Zinc 25 mg once a day[1]

Vitamin C 1000 mg once a day[2]

Quercetin 500 mg once a day

If Quercetin is unavailable, then use Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) 400 mg once a day[3]

Protocol for High-Risk Patients:

Elemental Zinc 25 mg once a day

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ[4]) 200 mg once a day for five days, then once a week

If HCQ is unavailable, then use the Protocol for Low and Moderate Risk Patients.”

[1]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7365891/

[2]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7318306/

[3]https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf5014633

[4]https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202007.0025/v1

…………………………………….

Additional source, early outpatient treatment:

May 27, 2020, “Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk COVID-19 Patients That Should Be Ramped Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis,” Dr. Harvey A. Risch, American Journal of Epidemiology

…………………………………………..

Added: Dramatically lower death rates in countries allowing early HCQ protocol and widespread prophylactic use:

May 29, 2020, “Break the FDA Barriers! Make Hydroxychloroquine Over-The-Counter,” Elizabeth Lee Vliet, MD, Preventive Medicine

A study by Dr. Harvey A. Risch, professor at Yale’s School of Public Health, “of hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin in more than 300,000 older adults, just published May 27, 2020 said: “Evidence about use of hydroxychloroquine alone, or of hydroxychloroquine+azithromycin in inpatients, is irrelevant concerning efficacy of the pair in early high-risk outpatient disease. Five studies, including two controlled clinical trials, have demonstrated significant major outpatient treatment efficacy…These medications need to be widely available and promoted immediately for physicians.”

Early treatment with HCQ, and widespread prophylactic use, are the critical factors that led to the dramatically lower death rates in countries such as India (2/million), Australia (4/million), South Korea (5/million), Argentina (8/million) as of May 18.

By delaying HCQ use until people are already critically ill in the hospital, the US now has a markedly higher death rate from COVID-19 (278/one million population as of May 18), even though we had adequate hospital beds, ventilators and other equipment. Data by countries on May 18, 2020, which is updated daily, shows the stunning differences:

[Ed. note: I couldn’t find above chart or any mention of HCQ at the Worldometers link provided. The author may have used Worldometers numbers and added HCQ policy from other sources.]

………………………………………….

Added: HCQ protocol status by country:

11/14/20, “Early treatment with hydroxychloroquine: a country-based analysis,” hcqtrial.com…Twitter site, Covid Analysis

“Covid Analysis, August 5, 2020 (Version 35, November 14, 2020)“…[Covid Analysis twitter site]

“Who is @CovidAnalysis?

…..

We are PhD researchers, scientists, people who hope to make a contribution, even if it is only very minor. You can find our research in journals like Science and Nature. For examples of why we can’t be more specific search for “raoult death threats” or “simone gold fired”. We have little interest in adding to our publication lists, being in the news, or being on TV (we have done all of these things before but feel there are more important things in life now). 

 

Why should we trust @CovidAnalysis?

 

There is no need to. We provide organization and analysis, but all sources are public and you can easily verify everything. For the country-based analysis, all data is public and the analysis is simple to replicate. We also note that many equally qualified experts report contradictory conclusions. If you don’t like our analysis, you can use our database to locate information you may have missed for your own research. 

 

Who funds this site? 

 

We have no funding, this is done in our spare time and we pay the web hosting fees personally (about $100 per month).”

 

 “Results  

 

As of November 14, 2020…the [early, HCQ] treatment group has a 69.9% lower death rate.…

Appendix 13. Country HCQ Status…

Australia, New Zealand, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Solomon Islands, Vanuata, Samoa, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Tonga, Marshall Islands, Palua, Tuvalu, Nauru

These countries were excluded because they have no or very little spread to date. They may be included in the future if they experience significant spread. 

 

Algeria – widespread early treatment for high-risk patients for most of the outbreak. Adopted HCQ in early April and continued to use after WHO warning.

The Africa Report, https://www.theafricareport.c..ne-from-dakar-to-brazzaville/, Coronavirus: Didier Raoult the African and chloroquine, from Dakar to Brazzaville, 4/15.

Afrik.com, https://www.afrik.com/edouard..ychloroquine-et-le-remdesivir, Edouard Philippe emporté par le Covid, Didier Raoult, l’hydroxychloroquine et le… remdésivir, Follows the Raoult protocol, 7/6.

The East African, https://www.theeastafrican.co..902-5564930-duphp6/index.html, Algeria backs use of malaria drug despite WHO dropping trials, 5/27.

Al-bab, https://al-bab.com/blog/2020/..-chloroquine-despite-concerns, Covid-19: Algeria and Morocco continue using chloroquine despite concerns, 5/28.

Belayneh, A., https://www.dovepress.com/off..eviewed-fulltext-article-RRTM, Off-Label Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Treatment in Africa Against WHO Recommendation, 9/17.

Gummi Bear, https://twitter.com/gummibear737/status/1256676533638479872, Adopted early April, 5/2.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, continue to promote, 6/1.

Parola et al., https://www.mediterranee-infe..2020/09/COVIDAfricaJOUMII.pdf, COVID-19 in Africa: What else?, letter regarding the large use of CQ derivatives and the relative success of countries using them, 9/11.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1258469706442444804, Algeria’s Health Minister praises HCQ used since the end of March, 5/7.

Franceinfo, https://www.francetvinfo.fr/m..droxychloroquine_3983239.html, Ces pays africains qui ont décidé de continuer à soigner le Covid-19 avec l’hydroxychloroquine, continue to use after WHO warning, positive results, 5/28.

Bahrain – widespread early treatment (excluded due to young population)

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487270/status/1260588201179144193, Adopted as standard treatment very early, 5/13.

Al Arabia, https://english.alarabiya.net..oroquine-to-treat-coronavirus, Bahrain among first countries to use Hydroxychloroquine to treat coronavirus, Used since the first case, 3/26.

GulfInsider, https://www.gulf-insider.com/..-medication-proved-effective/, Coronavirus: Bahrain’s Therapeutic Medication Proved Effective, Effectiveness of HCQ confirmed, 5/25.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, use not suspended post WHO/Lancet, 6/1.

Marie94167358, https://twitter.com/Marie94167358/status/1260661671816835082, Fully on HCQ, 5/13.

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487270/status/1256675338853072896, Used early, 5/2.

Belarus – mixed use of early treatment with HCQ

Belarus Ministry of Health, https://twitter.com/NNeanderM..al/status/1269683561147305985, Use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in Belarus, 6/7.

Jared Young, https://twitter.com/jtyoung18/status/1258279092010586113, In inpatient and outpatient protocols, 5/6.

BelTA, https://eng.belta.by/society/..vid-19-treatment-130102-2020/, Belarus to receive potential effective drug for COVID-19 treatment, 4/29.

BelTA, https://eng.belta.by/society/..ide-of-hospitals-130777-2020/, Belarus suspends use of chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of hospitals, 6/2.

Brazil – early HCQ treatment was adopted relatively late

Late and very mixed use, increasing over time.

Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology, https://sbpt.org.br/portal/t/cloroquina/, Declaração da SBPT sobre o tratamento da COVID-19, recommending against using CQ/HCQ, 7/22.

Filipe Rafaeli, https://medium.com/@filiperaf..nt-human-history-2685487ad717, Hydroxychloroquine: the narrative that it doesn’t work is the biggest hoax in recent human history, almost unanimity of Brazilian scientists are against the application of these drugs and repeat that “there is no scientific evidence” of the functioning, 7/23.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1273878906785972224, Clinical outcomes improve after adoption of HCQ starts, 6/19.

CNN, https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/..-para-casos-leves-de-covid-19, Government changes protocol and authorizes hydroxychloroquine for mild cases of Covid-19, 5/20.

Último Segundo, https://ultimosegundo.ig.com…tao-zerados-diz-pazuello.html, Estoques de hidroxicloroquina no país estão zerados, diz Pazuello, government has run out of HCQ. Distribution data indicates only a small portion of cases receive HCQ, 8/13.

The Verge, https://www.theverge.com/2020..navirus-jair-bolsonaro-maduro, Twitter removes tweets by Brazil, Venezuela presidents for violating COVID-19 content rules, 3/30.

Agência Brasil, https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com..dicoes-para-uso-da-cloroquina, CFM estabelece critérios e condições para uso da cloroquina, there is no “solid evidence” to confirm the effect of CQ and HCQ, 4/23.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1279445536685383680, One by one municipalities are adopting HCQ, 7/4.

Diário de Uberlândia, https://diariodeuberlandia.co..tada-a-pacientes-com-covid-19, Farmacêuticos não podem negar venda de cloroquina receitada a pacientes com Covid-19, high degree of controversy in Brazil, 7/3.

Burkina Faso – widespread early treatment (excluded due to young population)

Franceinfo, https://www.francetvinfo.fr/m..droxychloroquine_3983239.html, Ces pays africains qui ont décidé de continuer à soigner le Covid-19 avec l’hydroxychloroquine, continue to use after WHO warning, positive results, 5/28.

LifeSiteNews, https://www.lifesitenews.com/..loss-of-life-from-covid-virus, Doctors insist this cheap, safe drug is “key to preventing huge loss of life” from Wuhan virus, widely used, 6/5.

The Africa Report, https://www.theafricareport.c..ne-from-dakar-to-brazzaville/, Coronavirus: Didier Raoult the African and chloroquine, from Dakar to Brazzaville, 4/15.

Cameroon – widespread early treatment (excluded due to young population)

France 24, https://www.france24.com/en/2..expert-becomes-state-protocol, Covid-19: In Cameroon, chloroquine therapy hailed by French expert becomes state protocol, 5/3.

Voice of America, https://www.voanews.com/scien..-scale-chloroquine-production, Cameroon Begins Large-scale Chloroquine Production, 4/13.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..atus/1257626384782053377?s=20, , 5/5.

Belayneh, A., https://www.dovepress.com/off..eviewed-fulltext-article-RRTM, Off-Label Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Treatment in Africa Against WHO Recommendation, 9/17.

France 24, https://www.france24.com/fr/2..%A9e-en-protocole-d-%C3%A9tat, Covid-19 : au Cameroun, la méthode Raoult érigée en protocole d’État, adopted the Raoult protocol, 5/2.

.......

Canada – limited early treatment with HCQ

Physicians not allowed to use. New Brunswick used briefly until stopped by Health Canada.

Maclean’s, https://www.macleans.ca/socie..e-rise-of-hydroxychloroquine/, The incalculable rise of hydroxychloroquine, Health Canada has not permitted physicians to administer HCQ for COVID, 5/21.

CBC, https://www.cbc.ca/news/healt..-experimental-drugs-1.5511244, Doctors face sanctions for prescribing [allegedly] unproven COVID-19 drugs to friends and family, regulators warn, except when there is a clinical trial, the statement instructs both doctors and pharmacists not to provide the drugs as a treatment for COVID-19, 3/27.

Acadie Nouvelle, https://www.acadienouvelle.co..e-la-covid-19-deploye-au-n-b/, EXCLUSIF: un traitement expérimental contre la COVID-19 déployé au N.-B., New Brunswick adopts HCQ, 4/2.

Acadie Nouvelle, https://www.acadienouvelle.co..-experimental-de-la-covid-19/, Le Nouveau-Brunswick fait marche arrière sur le traitement expérimental de la COVID-19, Health Canada ended New Brunswick’s use of HCQ on 4/17, 5/10.

CBC, https://www.cbc.ca/news/canad..ur-gill-tweets-cpso-1.5680122, Ontario doctor subject of complaints after COVID-19 tweets, HCQ has been shown to be ineffective. Medical bodies such as the Canadian Pediatric Society say HCQ has no significant benefit in fighting COVID-19. Health Canada has not authorized HCQ to treat or cure COVID-19. It says HCQ can have serious side effects, 8/10.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1256869896014704640, New Brunswick broke ranks with Canada adopting HCQ, 5/3.

ChloroquineGorilla, https://twitter.com/Prolongin..id/status/1277927519203635205, Quebec has some of the harshest anti-HCQ rules in the world, 6/30.

Chad – widespread early treatment (excluded due to young population)

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, continue to promote, 6/1.

Franceinfo, https://www.francetvinfo.fr/m..droxychloroquine_3983239.html, Ces pays africains qui ont décidé de continuer à soigner le Covid-19 avec l’hydroxychloroquine, continue to use after WHO warning, positive results, 5/28.

Chile – mixed use of early treatment with HCQ

Stopped use after WHO/Lancet reports around May 26.

Cristian Navarro Merino, https://twitter.com/cnnavarro1/status/1272207814749020160, Stopping because of WHO/Lancet, 6/14.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1265400801507315712, Chile stops HCQ, 5/26.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, banned, 6/1.

Veronica Riveros, https://twitter.com/veronicar..oc/status/1270558291714867200, People fear HCQ, 6/9.

............

Costa Rica – widespread early treatment for high-risk patients for most of the outbreak. Used early based on recommendation from China 3/18.

The Tico Times, https://ticotimes.net/2020/06..nue-partnership-with-coursera, News briefs: Reopening plans on-track, hydroxychloroquine use to continue, partnership with Coursera, HCQ use continuing after FDA revoked EUA, 6/15.

Q Costa Rica, https://qcostarica.com/hydrox..ccessfully-to-fight-covid-19/, Hydroxychloroquine: The Drug Costa Rica Uses Successfully To Fight Covid-19, 4/19.

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487270/status/1256675338853072896, Used early, 5/2.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1264837406802444288, First and only Central American country to immediately adopt, 5/25.

Rich Drake, https://twitter.com/drakerich/status/1284219391140343809, Available OTC, 7/17.

J David, https://twitter.com/badlandj/status/1267509994368503814, Costa Rica refuses WHO recommendation to stop using HCQ, 6/1.

............

Cuba – widespread early treatment for high-risk patients for most of the outbreak. Using to treat at an early stage.

Pleno.News, https://pleno.news/saude/coro..id-com-hidroxicloroquina.html, Cuba stands out in combating Covid with hydroxychloroquine, using low doses of HCQ to treat Covid-19 at an early stage, 7/12.

Anadolu Agency, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/amer..tent-against-covid-19/1905650, Cuba: Early hydroxychloroquine potent against COVID-19, “We are aware of the polemics around this product. Physicians here mostly have a good opinion of the results it has achieved, provided that it is used at an early stage in low doses and only with patients without comorbidities, which could be complicated by hydroxychloroquine”, 7/10.

Czech Republic – widespread early treatment (excluded due to early isolation)

Supported use since early March.

Expats.cz, https://news.expats.cz/weekly..-hospitals-to-treat-covid-19/, Czech Health Ministry permits temporary use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19, temporary permit for 8 months, 4/7.

Ministerstva Zdravotnictví, https://www.mzcr.cz/rozhodnut..ychloroquine-sulfate-tablets/, Rozhodnutí o dočasném povolení neregistrovaného humánního léčivého přípravku HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE TABLETS, authorization of HCQ, 4/30.

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487270/status/1257696987576557568, Support for HCQ in early March, 5/4.

Djibouti – widespread early treatment (excluded due to small population)

Belayneh, A., https://www.dovepress.com/off..eviewed-fulltext-article-RRTM, Off-Label Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Treatment in Africa Against WHO Recommendation, 9/17.

Global Times, https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1189839.shtml, Chinese medical expert decorated by Djibouti for COVID-19 prevention, 5/28.

Face 2 Face Africa, https://face2faceafrica.com/a..spite-big-covid-19-recoveries, Djibouti, others warned about chloroquine despite big COVID-19 recoveries, 5/23.

VOA, https://www.voanews.com/covid..ce=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter, Djibouti is Treating All COVID Patients with Chloroquine, But Scientists Urge Caution, 5/21.

...........

France – limited early treatment with HCQ

Banned post WHO/Lancet. Used late stage in hospitals. Limited early treatment, some exceptions, especially in Marseille. Media very negative.

Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/artic..fety-fears-grow-idUSKBN2340A6, EU governments ban malaria drug for COVID-19, trial paused as safety fears grow, banned May 27, previously generally only in hospitals, 5/27.

Afrik.com, https://www.afrik.com/edouard..ychloroquine-et-le-remdesivir, Edouard Philippe emporté par le Covid, Didier Raoult, l’hydroxychloroquine et le… remdésivir, HCQ prohibited outside hospitals, 7/6.

CBS News, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/..NM-00-10aab7e&linkId=89534081, France bans use of hydroxychloroquine, drug touted by Trump, in coronavirus patients, 5/27.

The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/…html?searchResultPosition=17, France Bans Malaria Drug for Coronavirus Treatments, 5/27.

Ian56, https://twitter.com/Ian56789/status/1272844272769867777, Not used early, 6/16.

................

Germany – mixed use of early treatment with HCQ

We found several reports of early treatment early in the outbreak, confirmed by Sermo, later reports of trials paused post WHO/Lancet, current status of early treatment is unclear.

Andreas Backhaus, https://twitter.com/AndreasSh..ed/status/1295790850790895621, Off-label prescriptions were banned between early April and early July, 8/18.

Mediapart, https://blogs.mediapart.fr/br..t-utilise-lhydroxychloroquine, L’Allemagne a massivement utilisé l’hydroxychloroquine!, Germany has massively used HCQ, 10/21.

Spiegel, https://www.spiegel.de/wirtsc..e-a38a-4690-9e0b-9465f35a85d7, , 9/25.

Col Pavan Nair, https://twitter.com/pavannair/status/1289884254365655043, Used early in the outbreak, 8/2.

RP Online, https://rp-online.de/wirtscha..d-malaria-mittel_aid-50034873, Bayer spendet acht Millionen Chloroquin-Tabletten, donation of 8 million CQ tablets, 4/14.

DAZ.online, https://www.deutsche-apotheke..dnungen-von-hydroxychloroquin, BfArM: Keine ambulanten Off-Label-Verordnungen von Hydroxychloroquin, 6/4.

pressenza, https://www.pressenza.com/fr/..-voie-du-movimento-ippocrate/, Vaincre la peur : la voie du “Movimento Ippocrate”, “in Germany, the extensive use of HCQ, AZ, and a large amount of hyperimmune plasma has kept the death rate below 3%. But in great silence, as the Germans know how to do”, 7/10.

Andreas Backhaus, https://twitter.com/AndreasSh..ed/status/1295752761095618569, Federal institute for disease control and prevention advises against the use of HCQ, 8/18.

Munchensenton, https://twitter.com/Munchensenton/status/1286659832741867520, Started using early, 7/24.

Christopher Kidwell, https://twitter.com/Lerianis1/status/1288039709218922496, Early treatment used, 7/28.

Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/artic..ovid-19-spiegel-idUSKBN2343AL, Germany pauses anti-malaria drug study for COVID-19: Spiegel, two week pause in trial, 5/28.

Ghana – widespread early treatment (excluded due to young population)

Belayneh, A., https://www.dovepress.com/off..eviewed-fulltext-article-RRTM, Off-Label Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Treatment in Africa Against WHO Recommendation, 9/17.

AfricaFeeds, https://africafeeds.com/2020/..e-to-treat-covid-19-patients/, Kenya approve the use of Chloroquine to treat COVID-19 patients, 4/1.

Pan African Medical Journal, https://www.panafrican-med-jo..m/content/series/37/1/9/full/, Clinical characteristics, treatment regimen and duration of hospitalization among COVID-19 patients in Ghana: a retrospective cohort study, research paper noting that the results support the Ghana standard treatment guidelines that if not contraindicated, HCQ or CQ should be used alone or in combination with AZ, 9/15.

The Guardian, https://guardian.ng/news/nige..id-19-prevention-says-nafdac/, Chloroquine potent for COVID-19 prevention, says NAFDAC, 8/26.

Greece – widespread early treatment for high-risk patients for most of the outbreak

Approved for use April 15, they disregarded WHO’s recommendation to stop.

Medical Xpress, https://medicalxpress.com/new..versy-greece-chloroquine.html, Amid global controversy, Greece moves forward with chloroquine, greek epidemiologists consider chloroquine effective, especially in the early stages of COVID-19, 6/10.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..-with-chloroquine-01591781707, Amid Global Controversy, Greece Moves Forward With Chloroquine, the ongoing debate over the drugs has had little impact in Greece, where epidemiologists consider chloroquine effective, especially in the early stages of COVID-19, 6/10.

Afrik.com, https://www.afrik.com/edouard..ychloroquine-et-le-remdesivir, Edouard Philippe emporté par le Covid, Didier Raoult, l’hydroxychloroquine et le… remdésivir, Follows the Raoult protocol, 7/6.

Guinea – widespread early treatment (excluded due to young population)

Mosaique Guinee, https://mosaiqueguinee.com/tr..vec-lhydroxychloroquine-anss/, Traitement des malades de covid19 en Guinée: « nous continuons avec l’hydroxychloroquine » (ANSS), ignoring WHO recommendation, 5/25.

..........

India – widespread early treatment for high-risk patients for most of the outbreak

Widespread early use. Prophylaxis for healthcare workers and household contacts of confirmed cases.

Rathi et al. Lancet Infect. Dis. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30313-3, https://www.thelancet.com/jou..1473-3099(20)30313-3/fulltext, Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for COVID-19 contacts in India, ICMR recommends chemoprophylaxis with HCQ for asymptomatic health-care workers and asymptomatic household contacts of confirmed cases, 4/17.

Atikh Rashid, https://indianexpress.com/art..te/?__twitter_impression=true, Maharashtra expands use of hydroxychloroquine as preventive measure, 4/23.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, https://twitter.com/Billtheicon/status/1262508966321496066, Advised all front line health care workers to take HCQ prophylactically, 3/28.

Oneindia, https://www.oneindia.com/indi..-health-ministry-3111048.html, No COVID-19 death in Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim so far: Govt, HCQ widely distributed, 6/26.

Dr. Goldin, https://www.facebook.com/grou..e/permalink/2367454293560817/, Summary of HCQ usage in India from an MD in India, everyone diagnosed with COVID-19 gets HCQ, it is the standard of care country-wide. The only problem is some patients come very late, deaths are from those who wait too long before seeking medical help. Everyone at high risk, including policemen, firemen, healthcare workers, and nursing home patients, take HCQ, all contacts of positive cases also get HCQ prophylaxis. HCQ is OTC in India, so everyone else is also welcome to use it, 8/21.

AFP, https://www.msn.com/en-ph/new..evention/ar-BB14EloP?ocid=st2, India backs hydroxychloroquine for virus prevention, 5/27.

AAPS, https://aapsonline.org/hcq-90-percent-chance/, Hydroxychloroquine Has about 90 Percent Chance of Helping COVID-19 Patients, many nations, including Turkey and India, are protecting medical workers and contacts of infected persons prophylactically, 4/28.

The Indian Express, https://indianexpress.com/art..s-as-analysis-begins-6486049/, Vadodara administration drive: HCQ helping in containing Covid-19 cases, say docs as analysis begins, used prophylactically in Vadora with positive results, 7/2.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, used as preventative measure, 6/1.

Government of India, https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/..edHomeIsolationGuidelines.pdf, The caregiver and all close contacts of such cases should take HCQ prophylaxis, 7/2.

The Australian, https://www.theaustralian.com..56d1371697fe69e4fcc39d7f1f97c, India and Indonesia stand by antimalarials, 5/29.

Indonesia – widespread early treatment (excluded due to early isolation)

Used early. Disregarded WHO request to stop using HCQ.

Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/artic..o-stop-using-it-idUSKBN23227L, Exclusive: Indonesia, major advocate of hydroxychloroquine, told by WHO to stop using it, Indonesia told doctors to use HCQ to treat all COVID-19 patients with symptoms from mild to severe, 5/26.

The Australian, https://www.theaustralian.com..56d1371697fe69e4fcc39d7f1f97c, India and Indonesia stand by antimalarials, 5/29.

Sag Leyos, https://twitter.com/sagleyos/status/1274856392902533120, Used early, 6/21.

Sag Leyos, https://twitter.com/sagleyos/status/1274992969549037569, Treatment given early, do not need to wait for test results, 6/22.

Sag Leyos, https://twitter.com/sagleyos/status/1274505486180782080, Used early, 6/20.

.......

Ireland – limited early treatment with HCQ

No early treatment.

Robert Nugent, https://twitter.com/RobertANu..t1/status/1268877953825419264, Nobody treated early with HCQ in Italy, 6/5.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1255194379255504897, Ireland waits for clinical trials, 4/28.

Israel – mixed use of early treatment with HCQ

We initially believed that Israel had widespread early use for the majority of the outbreak, but we received reports that Israel’s use for early treatment has not be as widespread as believed.

The Times of Israel, https://www.timesofisrael.com..fit-in-virus-treatment-study/, Malaria drug stockpiled by Israel shows no benefit in virus treatment — study, no official guidance but doctors can prescribe, 4/22.

Anatoly Lubarsky, https://twitter.com/anatoly/status/1295791524131766273, Prescriptions of HCQ off-label was banned in late March, 8/18.

Judy Breton, https://twitter.com/JudyBreton/status/1293768018087104513, Israeli Ministry of Health has forbidden doctors from writing scripts for HCQ for COVID-19, 8/12.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1256949969036214275, Received 2 million doses from Teva mid April, 5/3.

Haaretz, https://www.haaretz.com/israe..o-treat-coronavirus-1.8712940, Israel Preparing to Use Unapproved Medication to Treat Coronavirus, preparing to use HCQ, 3/26.

AAPS, https://www.prnewswire.com/ne..-surgeons-aaps-301098030.html, More Evidence Presented for Why Hydroxychloroquine Should be Made Available, in a New Court Filing by the AAPS, greater access to HCQ, 7/22.

Xinhua, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-04/09/c_138961933.htm, Israel brings anti-malarial drug from India to fight COVID-19, 4/9.

Luke Mor, https://twitter.com/LukeMor19..10/status/1271442135720615938, Used early, 6/12.

Italy – early HCQ treatment was adopted relatively late

Banned post WHO/Lancet. Some early treatment started late in Italy’s outbreak.

Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/artic..fety-fears-grow-idUSKBN2340A6, EU governments ban malaria drug for COVID-19, trial paused as safety fears grow, banned May 27, 5/27.

Talking Points Memo, https://talkingpointsmemo.com..the-use-of-hydroxychloroquine, Italian Pharmacological Agency Warns Against The Use Of Hydroxychloroquine, 5/22.

Trustnodes, https://www.trustnodes.com/20..tment-with-hydroxychloroquine, Italy Finally Starts Mass Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine, early treatment starts in some areas, 3/29.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, banned except clinical trials, 6/1.

CBC, https://www.cbc.ca/news/world..9-over-safety-fears-1.5586220, France, Italy, Belgium act to stop use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 over safety fears, 5/27.

Malaysia – mixed use of early treatment with HCQ

Used early since January until about 6/22.

Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/artic..-fight-covid-19-idUSKCN21X0YQ, Exclusive: India agrees to sell hydroxychloroquine to Malaysia to help fight COVID-19, Malaysia has been using hydroxychloroquine for mild to severe COVID-19 cases along with other drugs, according to its treatment protocol seen by Reuters, 4/15.

CNA, https://www.channelnewsasia.c..till-using-treatment-12771770, Malaysia still using hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 patients; health ministry monitoring side effects, did not halt based on WHO recommendation, 5/26.

CodeBlue, https://codeblue.galencentre…e-can-slow-covid-19-progress/, Malaysia Finds Hydroxychloroquine Can Slow Covid-19 Progress, 6/9.

Malay Mail, https://www.malaymail.com/new..st-wave-says-health-d/1851457, ‘Chloroquine’ used to treat Covid-19 patients since first wave, says Health D-G, 3/29.

CodeBlue, https://codeblue.galencentre…uine-from-covid-19-treatment/, Malaysia Drops Hydroxychloroquine From Covid-19 Treatment, stopped using based on study with stage 2/3 patients, not clear if stopped for early use, 6/22.

New Straits Times, https://www.nst.com.my/news/n..e-hydroxychloroquine-covid-19, Dr Noor Hisham: Malaysia drops use of hydroxychloroquine for Covid-19, 6/22.

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487270/status/1261701176665337857, Used since the start, 5/16.

Mexico – limited early treatment with HCQ

Not authorized outside of clinical trials. Doctors outside hospitals not allowed to prescribe. Some limited exceptions.

Mark F. McCarty, https://twitter.com/markfmccarty/status/1270421880697044993, Doctors outside hospitals not allowed to prescribe, 6/9.

El subsecretario de Prevención y Promoción, https://jalisco.quadratin.com..ara-uso-de-hidroxicloroquina/, Not authorized for COVID-19 outside of clinical trials, 5/27.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1281912523470643200, Mexico is anti-HCQ, 7/11.

Government of Mexico, https://www.gob.mx/cofepris/a..-la-poblacion-251030?idiom=es, Actualmente no existe un medicamento eficaz y seguro para la cura del paciente con Covid-19 y tampoco una vacuna para prevenirlo., still claiming no drug is effective, 8/25.

The World, https://www.pri.org/file/2020..-over-unfounded-covid-19-link, Mexico runs out of malaria drugs over unfounded COVID-19 link, 5/27.

...........

Morocco – widespread early treatment for high-risk patients for most of the outbreak. All patients treated on first symptoms.

Belayneh, A., https://www.dovepress.com/off..eviewed-fulltext-article-RRTM, Off-Label Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Treatment in Africa Against WHO Recommendation, 9/17.

Le Nouvel Afrik, https://www.afrik.com/covid-1..nt-plus-en-europe-qu-au-maroc, Covid-19 : pourquoi les Marocains décèdent plus en Europe qu’au Maroc, All COVID patients treated with HCQ as soon as the first symptoms appear. Moroccans more likely to die in Europe than Morocco, 5/5.

The Africa Report, https://www.theafricareport.c..ne-from-dakar-to-brazzaville/, Coronavirus: Didier Raoult the African and chloroquine, from Dakar to Brazzaville, 4/15.

Afrik.com, https://www.afrik.com/edouard..ychloroquine-et-le-remdesivir, Edouard Philippe emporté par le Covid, Didier Raoult, l’hydroxychloroquine et le… remdésivir, Follows the Raoult protocol, 7/6.

Morocco World News, https://www.moroccoworldnews…ss-reveals-european-failures/, Moroccan Scientist: Morocco’s Chloroquine Success Reveals European Failures, Zemmouri believes approximately 78% of Europe’s coronavirus-related deaths “could have been avoided” if European countries had applied the “same chloroquine strategy as Morocco.”, 6/22.

Parola et al., https://www.mediterranee-infe..2020/09/COVIDAfricaJOUMII.pdf, COVID-19 in Africa: What else?, letter regarding the large use of CQ derivatives and the relative success of countries using them, 9/11.

Al-bab, https://al-bab.com/blog/2020/..-chloroquine-despite-concerns, Covid-19: Algeria and Morocco continue using chloroquine despite concerns, 5/28.

The North Africa Post, https://northafricapost.com/4..uine-despite-controversy.html, Morocco continues use of Chloroquine despite controversy, 5/27.

Challenge, https://www.challenge.ma/coro..que-le-maroc-a-reussi-144484/, Coronavirus : ce que le Maroc a réussi, Ignored WHO recommendation, 6/13.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, continue to promote, 6/1.

Franceinfo, https://www.francetvinfo.fr/m..droxychloroquine_3983239.html, Ces pays africains qui ont décidé de continuer à soigner le Covid-19 avec l’hydroxychloroquine, continue to use after WHO warning, positive results, 5/28.

Marie94167358, https://twitter.com/Marie94167358/status/1260661671816835082, Fully on HCQ since February, 5/13.

............

Netherlands – limited early treatment with HCQ

Doctors will be fined if prescribing HCQ for COVID-19. Used for hospitalized patients.

De Limburger, https://www.limburger.nl/cnt/..e-behandeling-coronapatienten, Inspectie: Meijelse huisarts moet stoppen met experimentele behandeling coronapatiënten, doctors will be fined if prescribing HCQ for COVID, 4/8.

AD – Nieuws, https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/..-aan-coronapatient~a0ddaabbd/, Ziekenhuizen gaven massaal omstreden malariamedicijn aan coronapatient, used for hospitalized patients, 5/20.

.......

Nigeria – widespread early treatment (excluded due to young population). Reportedly everyone diagnosed is treated. Available OTC.

Nosa Imagbenikaro, https://twitter.com/nosamagbe/status/1261706460750364672, Everyone diagnosed is treated with HCQ, 5/16.

Vanguard, https://www.vanguardngr.com/2..ine-effective-as-prophylaxis/, COVID-19: Nigerian study finds Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine effective as Prophylaxis, 6/23.

Robin J., https://twitter.com/RobinJHel..dt/status/1281080419241332738, Available OTC, 7/8.

Medical World Nigeria, https://medicalworldnigeria.c..vention-Says-NAFDAC?pid=45479, Chloroquine potent for COVID-19 prevention, says NAFDAC, The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), yesterday, declared that chloroquine prevents the dreaded coronavirus. Its Director General, Prof. Christianah Mojisola Adeyeye, during an online interactive session with journalists said: “We realise that chloroquine can be used in the early stage of the COVID-19 infection as prophylactic treatment. Science does not lie.”, 8/27.

Belayneh, A., https://www.dovepress.com/off..eviewed-fulltext-article-RRTM, Off-Label Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Treatment in Africa Against WHO Recommendation, 9/17.

Pilot News, https://www.westafricanpilotn..rus-at-early-stage-nafdac-dg/, Chloroquine Can Treat Coronavirus at Early Stage – NAFDAC DG, the Director-General of the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Mojisola Adeyeye has said chloroquine is effective for the treatment of COVID-19 at the early stage of infection, 8/26.

Anadolu Agency, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/afri..quine-clinical-trials/1854814, Nigeria goes on with hydroxychloroquine clinical trial, 5/27.

Franceinfo, https://www.francetvinfo.fr/m..droxychloroquine_3983239.html, Ces pays africains qui ont décidé de continuer à soigner le Covid-19 avec l’hydroxychloroquine, continue to use after WHO warning, positive results, 5/28.

The Guardian, https://guardian.ng/news/nige..id-19-prevention-says-nafdac/, Chloroquine potent for COVID-19 prevention, says NAFDAC, 8/26.

Nigeria News World, https://nigerianewsworld.com/..nd-mass-recovery-of-patients/, COVID-19: Jigawa govt reveals secret behind mass recovery of patients, secret behind recoveries is HCQ+AZ+Z, 5/17.

Pakistan – mixed use of early treatment with HCQ

Obtained from India, later banned.

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, https://www.pafmj.org/index.php/PAFMJ/article/view/4937, A survey regarding prohpylactic use of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine for COVID-19 among healthcare workers of Pakistan, 8/7.

EduEngineer, https://twitter.com/EduEngineer/status/1307077916191264768, Pakistan has shipped HCQ to at least 25 countries, 9/18.

Vijay Gupta, https://twitter.com/OutOfTheD..ge/status/1314607206575218694, Pakistan is using HCQ, 10/9.

Government of Pakistan, http://covid.gov.pk/new_guide.._COVID-19_infections_1203.pdf, Clinical Management Guidelines for COVID-19 Infections, HCQ not recommended for early or late treatment, 7/2.

OpIndia, https://www.opindia.com/2020/..hloroquine-india-coronavirus/, Pakistan seeks Hydroxychloroquine from India to curb the Coronavirus pandemic, 4/15.

The News, https://www.thenews.com.pk/pr..ts-claims-top-medicine-expert, HCQ tablets proving effective in treatment of COVID-19 patients, claims top medicine expert, trials suspended but some use continues, 6/3.

ARY News, https://arynews.tv/en/corona-..-panel-dexamethasone-actemra/, Experts rule against plasma, Dexamethasone, Actemra as viable COVID-19 cures, all licenses related to stocking and selling of Hydroxychloroquine in Pakistan have been revoked and all human trials to verify its potency have been stopped, 6/22.

Panama – mixed use of early treatment with HCQ

Dropped usage at the end of May, started again in July

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1280772619034398721, Panama dropped HCQ at the end of May, 7/8.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1295618863535710208, Ban ended around Jul 22, 8/18.

Sistema Estatal de Radio y Televisión, https://sertv.gob.pa/nacionalfm/comunicado-185/, Comunicado #185, “Since the Ministry of Health authorized the use of HCQ and/or AZ as drugs to treat positive COVID-19 patients, a significant decrease in cases of this disease has been noted, said the minister”, Luis Francisco Sucre, 8/27.

PanaTimes, https://panatimes.com/proposa..oquine-again-against-covid-19, Proposal is being prepared to use hydroxychloroquine again against COVID-19, group of infectious disease doctors in the front line of battle against Covid-19 signed a proposal for HCQ+AZ for early stage patients, 7/14.

Radio Panamá, https://twitter.com/radiopanama/status/1281691420659679234, Scientific adviser to Panama’s President sees no reason to reconsider the negative stance on HCQ, 7/10.

Peru – early HCQ treatment was adopted relatively late

Some use, adopted late ~May 8. Reportedly more used in upper/middle classes. Health ministry promoted on June 8, but usage is controversial.

La Hora, https://lahora.pe/minsa-anunc..tamiento-para-casos-covid-rv/, Mina anuncia el retiro de hidroxicloroquina en tratamiento para casos covid, HCQ withdrawn, 9/9.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1265595929383534599, Adopted May 8, 5/27.

Ministerio de Salud, https://cdn.www.gob.pe/upload../694719/RM_270-2020-MINSA.PDF, Adopting HCQ, 5/8.

Minister of Health, https://rpp.pe/peru/actualida..ia-cientifica-noticia-1270896, Minsa sobre uso de Hidroxicloroquina e Ivermectina: No tenemos tiempo para “esperar evidencia científica”, Recommended for use, 6/4.

CNN, https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/20..mo-tratamiento-para-covid-19/, Perú da impulso a hidroxicloroquina e ivermectina como tratamiento para covid-19, Recommended for use, 6/10.

Manuelcv, https://twitter.com/manuelcl10/status/1265632450794979328, Only middle class and high class receiving proper HCQ treatment, 5/27.

.............

Portugal – mixed use of early treatment with HCQ

Banned post WHO/Lancet.

ZAP Notícias – Aeiou, https://zap.aeiou.pt/portugal..enda-hidroxicloroquina-328362, Portugal ainda não recomenda uso de hidroxicloroquina, Portugal still does not recommend the use of HCQ, 6/4.

Portual Resident, https://www.portugalresident…nd-use-of-hydroxychloroquine/, , suspended post WHO/Lancet, 5/29.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, continue to promote, 6/1.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1258408833640267776, Portugal has less than half the ICU beds per capita of France or Spain and treatment at home quickly became the only option. With HCQ, the death rate was minimized, 5/7.

Qatar – widespread early treatment (excluded due to young population)

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487..atus/1263731107578515457?s=20, Qatar health minister says they found HCQ to be highly effective, 5/22.

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487270/status/1256675338853072896, Used early, 5/2.

Russia – widespread early treatment for high-risk patients for most of the outbreak. Approved for use April 15, they disregarded WHO’s recommendation to stop.

Russian Government, https://static-0.minzdrav.gov..%D0%A0_COVID-19_%28v.9%29.pdf, ВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПРОФИЛАКТИКА, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ (COVID-19), 9th edition guidelines with HCQ, 10/26.

PledgeTimes, https://pledgetimes.com/russi..or-the-treatment-of-covid-19/, Russian Ministry of Health has updated recommendations for the treatment of COVID-19, HCQ is still recommended, 10/27.

The Moscow Times, https://www.themoscowtimes.co..g-to-treat-coronavirus-a70025, Russia Approves Unproven Malaria Drug to Treat Coronavirus, 4/17.

Russian Government, http://publication.pravo.gov…t/View/0001202004160037#print, Распоряжение Правительства Российской Федерации от 16.04.2020 № 1030-р, 4/16.

The Moscow Times, https://www.themoscowtimes.co..ug-for-coronavirus-bbc-a69877, Moscow Doctors Forced to Self-Test Risky Malaria Drug for Coronavirus – BBC, 4/6.

Gummi Bear, https://twitter.com/gummibear737/status/1279874373046939649, Russian treatment protocol showing HCQ used early, 7/5.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, use not suspended post WHO/Lancet, 6/1.

The BL, https://thebl.com/world-news/..ine-drug-ccp-virus-trump.html, Russia supports the use of hydroxychloroquine, the drug to treat the CCP Virus suggested by Trump, will not follow WHO recommendation, 5/28.

Senegal – widespread early treatment for high-risk patients for most of the outbreak

Used early. Prof. Raoult was born in Senegal.

NPR News, https://wfuv.org/content/sene..%80%94-and-their-contacts-too, Senegal pledges a bed for every coronavirus patient, country’s treatment plan uses HCQ despite warning from WHO, 5/17.

Teller Report, http://www.tellerreport.com/n..xychloroquine.BJeet4Kst8.html, Coronavirus: a study in Senegal confirms the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine, 5/2.

Africanews, https://www.africanews.com/20..heal-faster-senegalese-medic/, Coronavirus patients on chloroquine heal faster – Senegalese medic, 6/4.

Belayneh, A., https://www.dovepress.com/off..eviewed-fulltext-article-RRTM, Off-Label Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Treatment in Africa Against WHO Recommendation, 9/17.

Medical Xpress, https://medicalxpress.com/new..oroquine-virus-treatment.html, Senegal says hydroxychloroquine virus treatment is promising, 4/2.

Afrik.com, https://www.afrik.com/edouard..ychloroquine-et-le-remdesivir, Edouard Philippe emporté par le Covid, Didier Raoult, l’hydroxychloroquine et le… remdésivir, Follows the Raoult protocol, 7/6.

The Africa Report, https://www.theafricareport.c..ne-from-dakar-to-brazzaville/, Coronavirus: Didier Raoult the African and chloroquine, from Dakar to Brazzaville, 4/15.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, continue to promote, 6/1.

Parola et al., https://www.mediterranee-infe..2020/09/COVIDAfricaJOUMII.pdf, COVID-19 in Africa: What else?, letter regarding the large use of CQ derivatives and the relative success of countries using them, 9/11.

Franceinfo, https://www.francetvinfo.fr/m..droxychloroquine_3983239.html, Ces pays africains qui ont décidé de continuer à soigner le Covid-19 avec l’hydroxychloroquine, continue to use after WHO warning, positive results, 5/28.

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487270/status/1256675338853072896, Used early, 5/2.

.........

South Korea – widespread early treatment (excluded due to early isolation)

Promoted and prophylaxis for health care workers.

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487270/status/1256675338853072896, Used early, 5/2.

Luke Mor, https://twitter.com/LukeMor19..10/status/1271442135720615938, Used early, 6/12.

American RN, https://twitter.com/rn_american/status/1272812657142349826, Prohpylactic use, 6/16.

ChloroquineGuerilla, https://twitter.com/Prolongin..id/status/1279874993153662977, Standard of care from the beginning, 7/5.

Businessriz, https://twitter.com/businessriz/status/1261092622312955904, Promoted since January and used for prophylaxis with healthcare workers, 5/14.

............

Spain – early HCQ treatment was adopted relatively late

Usage outside of hospitals was banned from March 23 until May 20.

Newsweek, https://www.newsweek.com/spai..vid-19-health-workers-1497277, Spain Launches Large-scale Study of Hydroxychloroquine and Antiretrovirals to Prevent COVID-19 in Health Workers, 4/10.

Robert McDonald, https://twitter.com/robbymcd1/status/1275152353298087936, Initially not used but started later, 6/22.

Spanish Drug Agency, https://c19study.com/files/spain1.pdf, La AEMPS informa de la distribución controlada de todo el stock de hidroxicloroquina/cloroquina, early treatment was blocked, usage was limited to chronic patients, clinical trials, and those admitted to hospital with pneumonia, 3/23.

Spanish Drug Agency, https://c19study.com/files/spain2.pdf, Fin de distribución controlada de hidroxicloroquina, end of controlled distribution of HCQ, 5/20.

Free News, https://freenews.live/spain-h..trials-of-hydroxychloroquine/, Spain has stopped most clinical trials of hydroxychloroquine, 6/23.

.............

Sweden – limited early treatment with HCQ

Doctors instructed not to use.

Breaking News Today, https://www.breakingnewstoday..ng-used-in-swedish-hospitals/, Trump’s “Miracle Drug” Chloroquine No Longer Being Used in Swedish Hospitals, trials canceled, 4/8.

AJMC, https://www.ajmc.com/newsroom..ardiovascular-disease-covid19, Caution Strongly Recommended When Using Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease, COVID-19, clinicians instructed not to use [H]CQ for COVID outside of trials, 4/17.

Kristoffer Stralin, https://www.medrxiv.org/conte..10.1101/2020.10.27.20220061v1, Decline in mortality among hospitalised covid-19 patients in Sweden: a nationwide observational study, HCQ use was stopped by the European Medicines Agency on April 1, 10/27.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, banned, used in the early phases of the pandemic for patients with severe symptoms, but halted in April after the European Medicines Agency recommended it only be used in clinical trials, 6/1.

Ian56, https://twitter.com/Ian56789/status/1272844272769867777, Not used early, 6/16.

Henrik Wallen, https://twitter.com/henrikwal..atus/1280439318109184000?s=21, Generally no treatment at all outside hospitals, 7/7.

.......

Switzerland – early HCQ treatment was adopted relatively late

Started using May 1.

É Mo Scél, https://twitter.com/e_scel/status/1262737713725239298, Using since May 1, 5/19.

Tunisia – mixed use of early treatment with HCQ

Was using but banned post WHO/Lancet.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, banned, 6/1.

France 24, https://www.france24.com/en/e..ufacturing-hydroxychloroquine, Coronavirus pandemic: Tunisia begins manufacturing hydroxychloroquine, 4/10.

........

Turkey – widespread early treatment for high-risk patients for most of the outbreak

Science board suggested beneficial in early stages. Reported everyone testing positive receives HCQ. Gradual adoption at the beginning.

Middle East Eye, https://www.middleeasteye.net..ne-malaria-treatment-progress, Coronavirus: Turkey says hydroxychloroquine dramatically reduces pneumonia cases, used early – “our science board suggested that the drug is really beneficial in the early stages to prevent the spread of the virus in the body”, 4/8.

BBC, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52831017, Coronavirus: How Turkey took control of Covid-19 emergency, “controversially that includes the anti-malarial drug, hydroxychloroquine, as standard”, 5/29.

David Stringer, https://twitter.com/davidstri..11/status/1264995116785246210, Everyone testing positive gets HCQ, 5/25.

The Palmer Foundation, https://www.palmerfoundation…loroquine-ministry-of-health/, Turkey: Highest COVID-19 cases and lowest fatalities in middle east, broad use hydrochloroquine – Ministry of Health, “Doctors prescribe hydroxychloroquine to everyone who is tested positive for coronavirus” Dr. Sema Turan, a member of the Turkish government’s coronavirus advisory board, 5/2.

Hydroxychloroquine News, https://twitter.com/niro60487270/status/1256675338853072896, Treating early with HCQ, 5/2.

CBS News, https://www.msn.com/en-au/new..g-touted-by-trump/ar-BB13oMXS, Turkey claims success treating virus with drug touted by Trump, 4/30.

AAPS, https://aapsonline.org/hcq-90-percent-chance/, Hydroxychloroquine Has about 90 Percent Chance of Helping COVID-19 Patients, many nations, including Turkey and India, are protecting medical workers and contacts of infected persons prophylactically, 4/28.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, continue to promote, 6/1.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1257921469914517505, Turkey has adopted early HCQ use, 5/5.

Covid19Crusher, https://twitter.com/Covid19Cr..er/status/1255516638033608710, Gradually adopted early HCQ, 4/29.

AAPS, https://www.prnewswire.com/ne..-surgeons-aaps-301098030.html, More Evidence Presented for Why Hydroxychloroquine Should be Made Available, in a New Court Filing by the AAPS, greater access to HCQ, 7/22.

Luke Mor, https://twitter.com/LukeMor19..10/status/1271442135720615938, Turkey advocates early use, 6/12.

.......

Ukraine – widespread early treatment for high-risk patients for most of the outbreak. Government treatment protocol shows early use.

Ukrinform, https://www.ukrinform.net/rub..own-in-ukraine-on-june-3.html, Ukraine receives batch of hydroxychloroquine tablets from India, received additional shipment, 5/5.

Ministry of Health of Ukraine, https://www.dec.gov.ua/wp-con..20_762_protokol_covid19-f.pdf, ПРОТОКОЛ «НАДАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ДЛЯ ЛІКУВАННЯ КОРОНАВІРУСНОЇ ХВОРОБИ (COVID-19)» , government treatment protocol showing early use, 4/2.

Ministry of Health of Ukraine, https://moz.gov.ua/uploads/5/..-dn_2106_17_09_2020_dod_1.pdf, «НАДАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ДЛЯ ЛІКУВАННЯ КОРОНАВІРУСНОЇ ХВОРОБИ (COVID-19), 9/17.

Ministry of Health of Ukraine, https://twitter.com/MoH_Ukraine/status/1248268122332766208, Ukraine will receive an additional 320 thousand tablets with the active substance Hydroxychloroquine for symptomatic treatment of patients with #COVIDー19, 4/9.

........

United Kingdom – limited early treatment with HCQ

Use is banned outside of clinical trials. Media very negative.

U.K. Government, https://www.gov.uk/government..oronavirus-covid-19-treatment, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine not licensed for coronavirus (COVID-19) treatment, use is banned outside of clinical trials, 3/25.

Daily Mail, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/n..despite-doctors-using-it.html, US health regulator approves two malaria drugs as a last resort for coronavirus patients in hospital – but the UK will only let doctors use the promising medications in trials, 3/30.

Ian56, https://twitter.com/Ian56789/status/1272844272769867777, Not used early, blocked almost completely, 6/16.

......

United States – limited early treatment with HCQ

FDA has warned against use, several states prohibit early use. Doctors may risk censure and their license for prescribing. Media very negative. Usage in late treatment in hospitals. Relatively minimal usage for early treatment.

FDA, https://www.fda.gov/drugs/dru..9-outside-hospital-setting-or, FDA cautions against use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems, 4/24.

The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.co..heart-issues-including-death/, FDA warns about hydroxychloroquine dangers, citing serious heart issues, including death, 4/24.

National Academy for State Health Policy, https://www.nashp.org/wp-cont..ovid-drug-chart-3-27-2020.pdf, State Rules and Recommendations Regarding Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and Other Drugs Related to COVID-19, 3/27.

AAPS, https://www.prnewswire.com/ne..-surgeons-aaps-301098030.html, More Evidence Presented for Why Hydroxychloroquine Should be Made Available, in a New Court Filing by the AAPS, pharmacists may be prevented from filling HCQ prescriptions, most Americans are unable to obtain HCQ for early treatment, and virtually no Americans are able to access it as preventive medicine, 7/22.

Texas Scorecard, https://texasscorecard.com/st..limited-coronavirus-medicine/, Physician Says Texas Pharmacy Board Limited Coronavirus Medicine, 5/12.

Harvey Risch, MD, PhD, https://www.newsweek.com/key-..tart-using-it-opinion-1519535, The Key to Defeating COVID-19 Already Exists. We Need to Start Using It, doctors have been threatened by medical boards with the chance of losing their license for prescribing HCQ, 7/23.

......

Venezuela – widespread early treatment (excluded due to early isolation)

Efecto Cocuyo, https://efectococuyo.com/coro..d-19-anuncia-jorge-rodriguez/, Venezuela empieza a usar la cloroquina para tratar COVID-19, anuncia Jorge Rodríguez, used prophylactically, 3/23.

Government of Venezuela, http://www.mpps.gob.ve/index.php/sistemas/descargas, THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT GUIDE FOR COVID-19 PATIENTS AND CONTACTS, 10/15.

AAPS, https://www.prnewswire.com/ne..-surgeons-aaps-301098030.html, More Evidence Presented for Why Hydroxychloroquine Should be Made Available, in a New Court Filing by the AAPS, available OTC, 7/22.

Barron’s, https://www.barrons.com/news/..ividing-the-world-01591006809, Hydroxychloroquine: A Drug Dividing The World, used as preventative measure, 6/1.”

 

 

...............