Friday, February 9, 2018

Bloomberg global warming article about injecting sulfates into atmosphere omits that per two peer reviewed studies, US Clean Air Acts mandating severe removal of sulfates caused Arctic warming for 30 years beginning in 1970

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"Some scientists think seeding the upper atmosphere with sulfate aerosols could shield Earth from the sun's heat." Bloomberg

2/5/18, "The Outlandish, Scary Schemes Being Studied to Cool the Planet," Bloomberg, Brian K. Sullivan

Bloomberg image









No mention in Bloomberg article about adding sulfates to atmosphere that US laws mandated drastic removal of sulfates via costly Clean Air Acts of 1970, 1977, and 1990 and that these laws caused Arctic warming per two peer reviewed studies. 2009 Nature Geoscience and 2011 PNAS, found US removal of sulfates "substantially contributed to rapid Arctic warming during the past three decades."

NASA chart below from 2009 peer reviewed NASA study shows Arctic warming after US "Clean Air Acts" (1970, 1977, 1990):

NASA chart


About Clean Air Acts of 1970, 1977, and 1990. EDF cheered addition of cap and trade to Northern Hemisphere sulfate removal: "We devised a cap-and-trade approach, written into the 1990 Clean Air Act. It required cutting overall sulfur emissions in half....Sulfur emissions went down faster than predicted and at one-fourth of the projected cost."...More praise: ..."The greatest green success story of the past decade is probably America's innovative scheme to cut emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2)." The Economist, July 4, 2002

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Following are titles of 2009 and 2011 peer reviewed studies attributing warming Arctic to US sulfate removal laws:

1. 3/22/2009, "Climate response to regional radiative forcing during the twentieth century," Nature Geoscience, Drew Shindell1 and Greg Faluvegi1 | doi:10.1038/ngeo473 

"We conclude that decreasing concentrations of sulphate aerosols and increasing concentrations of black carbon have substantially contributed to rapid Arctic warming during the past three decades." [1979-2009]"

More on 2009 NASA study:
 
4/8/2009, "Aerosols May Drive a Significant Portion of Arctic Warming," nasa.gov/topics

"Though greenhouse gases are invariably at the center of discussions about global climate change, new NASA research suggests that much of the atmospheric warming observed in the Arctic since 1976 may be due to changes in tiny airborne particles called aerosols.

Emitted by natural and human sources, aerosols can directly influence climate by reflecting or absorbing the sun's radiation. The small particles also affect climate indirectly by seeding clouds and changing cloud properties, such as reflectivity."...

 

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2. July 19, 2011 PNAS study in "Conclusion" notes post 1970  warming "is driven by efforts to reduce air pollution in general and acid deposition in particular, which cause sulfur emissions to decline."

7/19/2011, "Reconciling anthropogenic climate change with observed temperature 1998–2008," PNAS.org


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George Bush #1 signs Clean Air Act amendments in 1990, making rules stricter than 1970 and 1977 versions.  Left, clapping, Bush EPA chief William Reilly, plucked from his job as WWF president by jackass Bush.

NASA: "Over the past three decades, the United States and European countries have passed a series of laws that have reduced sulfate emissions by 50 percent. While improving air quality and aiding public health, the result has been less atmospheric cooling from sulfates....At the same time, black carbon emissions have steadily risen, largely because of increasing emissions from Asia. Black carbon -- small, soot-like particles produced by industrial processes and the combustion of diesel and biofuels -- absorb incoming solar radiation and have a strong warming influence on the atmosphere."...






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